Nichitsu Mining Village - formally Ogura-sawa settlement - sits in the mountains above Chichibu in Saitama Prefecture. The mine was first worked around 1600 by the Kai Takeda clan, Takeda Shingen's house, who panned gold and placer gold from its streams. In 1765 the Edo-period polymath Hiraga Gennai entered the valley to mine gold; his residence, Gennai-kyo, survives as a Chichibu City historic site. Yanase Trading bought the mine in 1910 and added iron-ore extraction. Nichitsu Mining Development took over in 1937 and reorganised as Nichitsu Mining Industry in 1950. By the 1960s the mine produced 500,000 tonnes a year of zinc, magnetite and over 140 mineral species - the most varied mine in Japan - supporting a town of 2,000 to 2,400 people with two schools, a hospital, a fire department, a cinema and a post office. Metal mining stopped in 1978; quartz sand began in 1969; crystalline limestone carried on until 30 September 2022, when Nitchitsu Co. closed the operation entirely.