Frederic Norton Manning, NSW Inspector-General of the Insane, acquired 340.5 acres on Taralga Road, Goulburn, for £1,252 in October 1879. Walter Liberty Vernon, the first NSW Government Architect, designed the asylum complex. Kenmore opened in 1895 with capacity for 700 patients across 19 wards.
The entertainment hall and the chapel shared the same room: stage at one end, altar at the other. Vernon's Kenmore core is the largest single body of his work; the State Heritage Register names it the finest corporate Federation Free architecture in Australia.
In March 1941 the NSW Government handed Kenmore over to the Australian Army. Civilian patients were transferred to other Sydney institutions, and the wards became a military hospital. The Army returned the site in 1946 and civilian psychiatric care resumed.
By the 1960s the hospital held over 1,400 patients against the original 700-bed plan. The Commonwealth sold the property in 2003, and the State Heritage Register listed the complex in April 2005. On 16 October 2021, a fire destroyed Ward 15, the former female section.
NSW State Heritage Register item 2930022, Mental Health NSW (facilities guide) and Region Canberra (2021 Ward 15 fire)